summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorJustin Gassner <justin.gassner@mailbox.org>2024-02-15 05:11:07 +0100
committerJustin Gassner <justin.gassner@mailbox.org>2024-02-15 05:11:07 +0100
commit7c66b227a494748e2a546fb85317accd00aebe53 (patch)
tree9c649667d2d024b90b32d36ca327ac4b2e7caeb2
parent28407333ffceca9b99fae721c30e8ae146a863da (diff)
downloadsite-7c66b227a494748e2a546fb85317accd00aebe53.tar.zst
Update
-rw-r--r--.mdlrc1
-rw-r--r--Gemfile12
-rw-r--r--_config.yaml70
-rw-r--r--_plugins/enunciation.rb22
-rw-r--r--_plugins/example.rb2
-rw-r--r--_plugins/proof.rb2
-rw-r--r--_plugins/singledollar.rb18
-rw-r--r--_scripts/my_mdl_style.rb5
-rw-r--r--pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-integral-formula.md8
-rw-r--r--pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-theorem.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/power-series.md5
-rw-r--r--pages/distribution-theory/index.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.md4
-rw-r--r--pages/functional-analysis-basics/reflexive-spaces.md4
-rw-r--r--pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/closed-graph-theorem.md7
-rw-r--r--pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/hahn-banach-theorem.md14
-rw-r--r--pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/open-mapping-theorem.md4
-rw-r--r--pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/uniform-boundedness-theorem.md6
-rw-r--r--pages/general-topology/compactness/index.md4
-rw-r--r--pages/general-topology/continuity-and-convergence.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/general-topology/metric-spaces/index.md24
-rw-r--r--pages/general-topology/topological-spaces.md12
-rw-r--r--pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/convergence-theorems.md6
-rw-r--r--pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/index.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/the-lp-spaces.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/measures.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/sigma-algebras.md1
-rw-r--r--pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/signed-measures.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/index.md2
-rw-r--r--pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/polar-topologies.md9
-rw-r--r--pages/operator-algebras/banach-algebras/index.md42
-rw-r--r--pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.md4
-rw-r--r--pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/states.md17
-rw-r--r--pages/spectral-theory/test/basic.md32
-rw-r--r--pages/unbounded-operators/adjoint-operators.md1
-rw-r--r--pages/unbounded-operators/hellinger-toeplitz-theorem.md2
36 files changed, 177 insertions, 177 deletions
diff --git a/.mdlrc b/.mdlrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a537bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.mdlrc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+style "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/_scripts/my_mdl_style.rb"
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index a4891fc..b6cef77 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
# frozen_string_literal: true
-source "https://rubygems.org"
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
-gem "jekyll"
-gem "just-the-docs"
-gem "kramdown-math-katex"
-gem "mini_racer"
-gem 'jekyll-scholar'
+gem 'jekyll'
gem 'jekyll-include-cache'
+gem 'jekyll-scholar'
+gem 'just-the-docs'
+gem 'kramdown-math-katex'
+gem 'mini_racer'
diff --git a/_config.yaml b/_config.yaml
index ae73c4c..172c410 100644
--- a/_config.yaml
+++ b/_config.yaml
@@ -21,48 +21,44 @@ defaults:
search:
tokenizer_separator: /[\s\-\u2013/]+/
-#color_scheme: dark
-#incremental: true
+# color_scheme: dark
+# incremental: true
kramdown:
input: GFMKatex
- # parse_block_html: true
+ # parse_block_html: true
math_engine: katex
math_engine_opts:
- {
- output: "html",
- macros:
- {
- "\\NN": "\\mathbb{N}",
- "\\ZZ": "\\mathbb{Z}",
- "\\QQ": "\\mathbb{Q}",
- "\\RR": "\\mathbb{R}",
- "\\CC": "\\mathbb{C}",
- "\\HH": "\\mathbb{H}",
- "\\KK": "\\mathbb{K}",
- "\\FF": "\\mathbb{F}",
- "\\hilb": "\\mathcal{#1}",
- "\\abs": "\\lvert #1 \\rvert",
- "\\norm": "\\lVert #1 \\rVert",
- "\\braces": "\\lbrace #1 \\rbrace",
- "\\angles": "\\langle #1 \\rangle",
- "\\innerp": "\\langle #1, #2 \\rangle",
- "\\diam": "\\operatorname{diam}(#1)",
- "\\dist": "\\operatorname{dist}(#1)",
- "\\Re": "\\operatorname{Re}",
- "\\Im": "\\operatorname{Im}",
- "\\dom": "D(#1)",
- "\\ran": "R(#1)",
- "\\graph": "G(#1)",
- "\\pspec": "\\sigma_p(#1)",
- "\\cspec": "\\sigma_c(#1)",
- "\\rspec": "\\sigma_r(#1)",
- "\\Res": "\\operatorname{Res}",
- "\\co": "\\operatorname{co}",
- "\\bal": "\\operatorname{bal}",
- "\\aco": "\\operatorname{aco}",
- },
- }
+ output: "html"
+ macros:
+ "\\NN": "\\mathbb{N}"
+ "\\ZZ": "\\mathbb{Z}"
+ "\\QQ": "\\mathbb{Q}"
+ "\\RR": "\\mathbb{R}"
+ "\\CC": "\\mathbb{C}"
+ "\\HH": "\\mathbb{H}"
+ "\\KK": "\\mathbb{K}"
+ "\\FF": "\\mathbb{F}"
+ "\\hilb": "\\mathcal{#1}"
+ "\\abs": "\\lvert #1 \\rvert"
+ "\\norm": "\\lVert #1 \\rVert"
+ "\\braces": "\\lbrace #1 \\rbrace"
+ "\\angles": "\\langle #1 \\rangle"
+ "\\innerp": "\\langle #1, #2 \\rangle"
+ "\\diam": "\\operatorname{diam}(#1)"
+ "\\dist": "\\operatorname{dist}(#1)"
+ "\\Re": "\\operatorname{Re}"
+ "\\Im": "\\operatorname{Im}"
+ "\\dom": "D(#1)"
+ "\\ran": "R(#1)"
+ "\\graph": "G(#1)"
+ "\\pspec": "\\sigma_p(#1)"
+ "\\cspec": "\\sigma_c(#1)"
+ "\\rspec": "\\sigma_r(#1)"
+ "\\Res": "\\operatorname{Res}"
+ "\\co": "\\operatorname{co}"
+ "\\bal": "\\operatorname{bal}"
+ "\\aco": "\\operatorname{aco}"
callouts:
definition:
diff --git a/_plugins/enunciation.rb b/_plugins/enunciation.rb
index 3301e0d..b141ae9 100644
--- a/_plugins/enunciation.rb
+++ b/_plugins/enunciation.rb
@@ -1,39 +1,37 @@
module Jekyll
class EnunciationTagBlock < Liquid::Block
-
def initialize(tag_name, arg, parse_context)
super
@arg = arg.strip
- @slugtemplate = Liquid::Template.parse("{{ string | slugify }}")
+ @slugtemplate = Liquid::Template.parse('{{ string | slugify }}')
end
def render(context)
text = super
# If the enunciation ends with a KaTeX displayed equation,
# then we remove the bottom margin.
- if text[-5,5] == " $$\n"
+ if text[-5, 5] == " $$\n"
text += ' {: .katex-display .mb-0 }'
- elsif text[-3,3] == "$$\n"
+ elsif text[-3, 3] == "$$\n"
text += '{: .katex-display .mb-0 }'
end
# Check if a description was given.
- if @arg.length < 1
- "{: .#{block_name} }\n #{text.gsub!(/^/,'> ')}"
+ if @arg.empty?
+ "{: .#{block_name} }\n #{text.gsub!(/^/, '> ')}"
else
- if @arg[0] == "*"
- title = @arg.delete_prefix("* ")
+ if @arg[0] == '*'
+ title = @arg.delete_prefix('* ')
else
title = "#{block_name.capitalize} (#{@arg})"
end
- slug = @slugtemplate.render( 'string' => title )
- "{: .#{block_name}-title }\n> #{title}\n> {: \##{slug} }\n>\n#{text.gsub!(/^/,'> ')}"
+ slug = @slugtemplate.render('string' => title)
+ "{: .#{block_name}-title }\n> #{title}\n> {: \##{slug} }\n>\n#{text.gsub!(/^/, '> ')}"
end
end
-
end
end
# TODO: avoid reading configuration twice
-Jekyll.configuration({})['callouts'].each do |name, value|
+Jekyll.configuration({})['callouts'].each do |name, _|
Liquid::Template.register_tag(name, Jekyll::EnunciationTagBlock)
end
diff --git a/_plugins/example.rb b/_plugins/example.rb
index e149f23..cdff2da 100644
--- a/_plugins/example.rb
+++ b/_plugins/example.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
module Jekyll
class ExampleTagBlock < Liquid::Block
-
def render(context)
text = super
"<span style=\"text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; font-size: .75em;\">Example</span> &nbsp; #{text}"
end
-
end
end
diff --git a/_plugins/proof.rb b/_plugins/proof.rb
index 415b37f..0c2b63b 100644
--- a/_plugins/proof.rb
+++ b/_plugins/proof.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
module Jekyll
class ProofTagBlock < Liquid::Block
-
def render(context)
text = super
"<span style=\"text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; font-size: .75em;\">Proof</span> &nbsp; #{text} <span style=\"float:right;\">$\\square\\enspace$</span>"
end
-
end
end
diff --git a/_plugins/singledollar.rb b/_plugins/singledollar.rb
index fe665ab..bb1f10c 100644
--- a/_plugins/singledollar.rb
+++ b/_plugins/singledollar.rb
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ require 'kramdown/parser/kramdown'
require 'kramdown-parser-gfm'
class Kramdown::Parser::GFMKatex < Kramdown::Parser::GFM
- # Override inline math parser
- @@parsers.delete(:inline_math)
+ # Override inline math parser
+ @@parsers.delete(:inline_math)
- INLINE_MATH_START = /(\$+)([^\$]+)(\$+)/m
+ INLINE_MATH_START = /(\$+)([^\$]+)(\$+)/m
- def parse_inline_math
- start_line_number = @src.current_line_number
- @src.pos += @src.matched_size
- @tree.children << Element.new(:math, @src.matched[1..-2], nil, category: :span, location: start_line_number)
- end
+ def parse_inline_math
+ start_line_number = @src.current_line_number
+ @src.pos += @src.matched_size
+ @tree.children << Element.new(:math, @src.matched[1..-2], nil, category: :span, location: start_line_number)
+ end
- define_parser(:inline_math, INLINE_MATH_START, '\$')
+ define_parser(:inline_math, INLINE_MATH_START, '\$')
end
diff --git a/_scripts/my_mdl_style.rb b/_scripts/my_mdl_style.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5237ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_scripts/my_mdl_style.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+all
+rule 'MD013', line_length: 100
+rule 'MD033', allowed_elements: 'sup'
+exclude_rule 'MD032'
+exclude_rule 'MD041'
diff --git a/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-integral-formula.md b/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-integral-formula.md
index 3cf81f7..6ac0803 100644
--- a/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-integral-formula.md
+++ b/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-integral-formula.md
@@ -66,19 +66,21 @@ $$
Note that the supremum is finite (and is attained),
because $f$ is continuous and the circle is compact.
Clearly, the integral evaluates to $2 \pi r / r^{n+1}$
-and the right hand side of the inequality reduces to the desired expression.
+and the right-hand side of the inequality reduces to the desired expression.
{% endproof %}
---
-Recall that an *entire* function is a holomorphic function that is defined everywhere in the complex plane.
+Recall that an *entire* function is a holomorphic function
+that is defined everywhere in the complex plane.
{% theorem * Liouville's Theorem %}
Every bounded entire function is constant.
{% endtheorem %}
{% proof %}
-Consider an entire function $f$ and assume that $\norm{f(z)} \le M$ for all $z \in \CC$ and some $M > 0$.
+Consider an entire function $f$ and
+assume that $\norm{f(z)} \le M$ for all $z \in \CC$ and some $M > 0$.
Since $f$ is holomorphic on the whole plane, we may make
[Cauchy's Estimate](#cauchy-s-estimate)
for all disks centered at any point $a \in \CC$ and with any radius $r>0$.
diff --git a/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-theorem.md b/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-theorem.md
index 2445b8b..6d78e89 100644
--- a/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/cauchys-theorem.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ If $\gamma_0$, $\gamma_1$ are homotopic closed curves in $G$, then
$$
\int_{\gamma_0} \! f(z) \, dz =
-\int_{\gamma_1} \! f(z) \, dz
+\int_{\gamma_1} \! f(z) \, dz
$$
If $\gamma$ is a null-homotopic closed curve in $G$, then
diff --git a/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/power-series.md b/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/power-series.md
index 31793ab..4876d30 100644
--- a/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/power-series.md
+++ b/pages/complex-analysis/one-complex-variable/power-series.md
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ $a$ is the *center* of the series.
{% enddefinition %}
{% lemma %}
-Suppose the Banach space valued power series $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x_n (z - a)^n$ converges for $z = a + w$.
+Suppose the Banach space valued power series $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x_n (z - a)^n$
+converges for $z = a + w$.
Then it converges absolutely for all $z$ with $\abs{z-a} < \abs{w}$.
{% endlemma %}
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ Then either
- the series converges only for $z=a$ (formally $R=0$), or
- there exists a number $0<R<\infty$ such that
- the series converges absolutely whenever $\abs{z-a} < R$
+ the series converges absolutely whenever $\abs{z-a} < R$
and diverges whenever $\abs{z-a} > R$, or
- the series converges absolutely for all $z \in \CC$ (formally $R=\infty$).
diff --git a/pages/distribution-theory/index.md b/pages/distribution-theory/index.md
index 3055c8f..08a3ab2 100644
--- a/pages/distribution-theory/index.md
+++ b/pages/distribution-theory/index.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ an unbounded linear operator $\Phi(f)$ in $\hilb{H}$ such that
{: .my-0 }
- there is a dense linear subspace $\mathcal{D}$ of $\hilb{H}$ that
-is contained in the domain of all the $\Phi(f)$
+is contained in the domain of all the $\Phi(f)$
- for every fixed pair of vectors $\phi, \psi \in \hilb{D}$
the mapping $f \mapsto \innerp{\phi}{\Phi(f) \psi}$ is a tempered distribution.
{% enddefinition %}
diff --git a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.md b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.md
index 91906cd..0913776 100644
--- a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.md
@@ -19,4 +19,6 @@ The {{ page.title }} is a special case of the following result:
The polar of a neighborhood of zero in a locally convex space is weak\* compact.
{% endtheorem %}
-See [Alaoglu–Bourbaki Theorem]({% link pages/more-functional-analysis/locally-convex-spaces/alaoglu-bourbaki-theorem.md %}) for more information.
+See
+[Alaoglu–Bourbaki Theorem](/pages/more-functional-analysis/locally-convex-spaces/alaoglu-bourbaki-theorem.html)
+for more information.
diff --git a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/reflexive-spaces.md b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/reflexive-spaces.md
index 781fb1f..58ca1d3 100644
--- a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/reflexive-spaces.md
+++ b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/reflexive-spaces.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ $$
where the functional $g_x$ on $X'$ is defined by
$$
-g_x(f) = f(x) \quad \text{for $f \in X'$,}
+g_x(f) = f(x) \quad \text{for $f \in X'$,}
$$
is called the *canonical embedding* of $X$ into its bidual $X''$.
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ C : X \longrightarrow X'', \quad C(x)(f) = f(x), \quad x \in X, f \in X',
$$
is an isomorphism.
-Therefore, the the dual map
+Therefore, the dual map
$$
C' : X''' \longrightarrow X', \quad C'(h)(x) = h(C(x)), \quad x \in X, h \in X''',
diff --git a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/closed-graph-theorem.md b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/closed-graph-theorem.md
index f6a9783..e0ec62b 100644
--- a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/closed-graph-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/closed-graph-theorem.md
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ This shows that $\graph{T}$ is closed.
Conversely, suppose that $\graph{T}$ is a closed subspace of $X \times Y$.
Note that $X \times Y$ is a Banach space with norm $\norm{(x,y)} = \norm{x} + \norm{y}$.
-Therefore $\graph{T}$ is itself as Banach space in the restricted norm $\norm{(x,Tx)} = \norm{x} + \norm{Tx}$.
+Therefore, $\graph{T}$ is itself as Banach space in the restricted norm $\norm{(x,Tx)} = \norm{x} + \norm{Tx}$.
The canonical projections $\pi_X : \graph{T} \to X$ and $\pi_Y : \graph{T} \to Y$ are bounded.
-Clearly, $\pi_X$ is bijective, so its inverse $\pi_X^{-1} : X \to \graph{T}$ is a bounded operator by the
+Clearly, $\pi_X$ is bijective,
+so its inverse $\pi_X^{-1} : X \to \graph{T}$ is a bounded operator by the
[Bounded Inverse Theorem](/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/open-mapping-theorem.html#bounded-inverse-theorem).
-Consequently the composition, $\pi_Y \circ \pi_X^{-1} : X \to Y$ is bounded.
+Consequently, the composition, $\pi_Y \circ \pi_X^{-1} : X \to Y$ is bounded.
To complete the proof, observe that $\pi_Y \circ \pi_X^{-1} = T$.
{% endproof %}
diff --git a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/hahn-banach-theorem.md b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/hahn-banach-theorem.md
index 18cf64a..a2602ac 100644
--- a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/hahn-banach-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/hahn-banach-theorem.md
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ nav_order: 1
---
# {{ page.title }}
-{: .no_toc }
In fact, there are multiple theorems and corollaries
which bear the name Hahn–Banach.
@@ -14,15 +13,6 @@ All have in common that
they guarantee the existence of linear functionals
with various additional properties.
-<details open markdown="block">
- <summary>
- Table of contents
- </summary>
- {: .text-delta }
-- TOC
-{:toc}
-</details>
-
{% definition Sublinear Functional %}
A functional $p$ on a real vector space $X$
is called *sublinear* if it is
@@ -146,7 +136,7 @@ we define a functional $f_0$ by $f_0(\alpha x) = \alpha \norm{x}$ for $\alpha \i
It is easy to check that $f_0$ is linear and bounded with norm $\norm{f_0} = 1$.
By the Hahn–Banach Extension Theorem for Normed Spaces,
there exists a bounded linear functional $f$ on $X$ extending $f_0$ with identical norm.
-Hence we have $f(x) = f_0(x) = \norm{x}$ and $\norm{f} = \norm{f_0} = 1$.
+Hence, we have $f(x) = f_0(x) = \norm{x}$ and $\norm{f} = \norm{f_0} = 1$.
{% endproof %}
Recall that for a normed space $X$ we denote its (topological) dual space by $X'$.
@@ -155,7 +145,7 @@ Recall that for a normed space $X$ we denote its (topological) dual space by $X'
For every element $x$ of a real or complex normed space $X$ one has
$$
-\norm{x} = \sup_{f \in X' \setminus \braces{0}} \frac{\abs{f(x)}}{\norm{f}}
+\norm{x} = \sup_{f \in X' \setminus \braces{0}} \frac{\abs{f(x)}}{\norm{f}}
$$
and the supremum is attained.
diff --git a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/open-mapping-theorem.md b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/open-mapping-theorem.md
index b191bb2..e7f2b70 100644
--- a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/open-mapping-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/open-mapping-theorem.md
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ This remains true, if we take closures:
$\bigcup \overline{mTB_X} = Y$.
Hence, we have written the space $Y$,
which is assumed to have a complete norm,
-as the union of countably many closed sets. It follows form the
+as the union of countably many closed sets. It follows from the
[Baire Category Theorem]({% link pages/general-topology/baire-spaces.md %})
that $\overline{mTB_X}$ has nonempty interior for some $m$.
-Thus there are $q \in Y$ and $\alpha > 0$
+Thus, there are $q \in Y$ and $\alpha > 0$
such that $q + \alpha B_Y \subset \overline{mTB_X}$.
Choose a $p \in X$ with $Tp=q$.
It is a well known fact, that in a normed space
diff --git a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/uniform-boundedness-theorem.md b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/uniform-boundedness-theorem.md
index 47ddd3f..1140e45 100644
--- a/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/uniform-boundedness-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/functional-analysis-basics/the-fundamental-four/uniform-boundedness-theorem.md
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ Let $X$, $Y$ be normed spaces.
We say that a collection $\mathcal{T}$ of bounded linear operators
from $X$ to $Y$ is
{: .mb-0 }
-- *pointwise bounded* if the set $\braces{\norm{Tx} : T \in \mathcal{T}}$ is bounded for every $x \in X$,
+- *pointwise bounded* if the set $\braces{\norm{Tx} : T \in \mathcal{T}}$ is bounded
+ for every $x \in X$,
- *uniformly bounded* if the set $\braces{\norm{T} : T \in \mathcal{T}}$ is bounded.
{% enddefinition %}
-Clearly, every uniformly bounded collection of operators is pointwise bounded since $\norm{Tx} \le \norm{T} \norm{x}$.
+Clearly, every uniformly bounded collection of operators is pointwise bounded
+since $\norm{Tx} \le \norm{T} \norm{x}$.
The converse is true, if $X$ is complete:
{% theorem * Uniform Boundedness Theorem %}
diff --git a/pages/general-topology/compactness/index.md b/pages/general-topology/compactness/index.md
index 37e9b4d..6c2e274 100644
--- a/pages/general-topology/compactness/index.md
+++ b/pages/general-topology/compactness/index.md
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ if and only if it has the following property:
then there exists a finite subcollection of $\mathcal{O}$ that covers $X$.
If $\mathcal{A}$ is a collection of subsets of $X$,
-let $\mathcal{A}^c = \braces{ X \setminus A : A \in \mathcal{A}}$ denote the collection of the complements of its members.
+let $\mathcal{A}^c = \braces{ X \setminus A : A \in \mathcal{A}}$ denote
+the collection of the complements of its members.
Clearly, $\mathcal{B}$ is a subcollection of $\mathcal{A}$
if and only if $\mathcal{B}^c$ is a subcollection of $\mathcal{A}^c$.
Moreover, note that $\mathcal{B}$ covers $X$ if and only if
@@ -43,4 +44,3 @@ if and only if $\mathcal{A}^c$ consists of closed subsets of $X$.
{% definition Finite Intersection Property%}
TODO
{% enddefinition %}
-
diff --git a/pages/general-topology/continuity-and-convergence.md b/pages/general-topology/continuity-and-convergence.md
index 7ae4534..57e5ca9 100644
--- a/pages/general-topology/continuity-and-convergence.md
+++ b/pages/general-topology/continuity-and-convergence.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
---
-title: Continuity & Convergence
+title: Continuity &amp; Convergence
parent: General Topology
nav_order: 2
---
diff --git a/pages/general-topology/metric-spaces/index.md b/pages/general-topology/metric-spaces/index.md
index c0dc45a..52b2b4c 100644
--- a/pages/general-topology/metric-spaces/index.md
+++ b/pages/general-topology/metric-spaces/index.md
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ Clearly, a metric subspace of a metric space is itself a metric space.
{% proposition %}
Let $(X,d)$ be a (semi-)metric space.
- For all $x,y,z \in X$ we have the *inverse triangle inequality*
-
+
$$
\abs{d(x,y) - d(y,z)} \le d(x,z).
$$
- For all $v,w,x,y \in X$ we have the *quadrilateral inequality*
-
+
$$
\abs{d(v,w) - d(x,y)} \le d(v,x) + d(w,y)
$$
@@ -141,27 +141,31 @@ every sequence in $X$ has at most one limit.
Let $(X,d_X)$ and $(Y,d_Y)$ be metric spaces.
A mapping $f: X \to Y$ is called
- *continuous at a point $x \in X$* if
-
+
$$
- \forall\epsilon>0 \ \ \exists\delta>0 \ \ \forall x' \in X : \big\lparen d_X(x,x') \le \delta \implies d_Y(f(x),f(x')) < \epsilon \big\rparen
+ \forall\epsilon>0 \ \ \exists\delta>0 \ \ \forall x' \in X :
+ \big\lparen d_X(x,x') \le \delta \implies d_Y(f(x),f(x')) < \epsilon \big\rparen
$$
- *continuous* if it is continuous at every point of $X$, that is
-
+
$$
- \forall x \in X \ \ \forall\epsilon>0 \ \ \exists\delta>0 \ \ \forall x' \in X : \big\lparen d_X(x,x') \le \delta \implies d_Y(f(x),f(x')) < \epsilon \big\rparen
+ \forall x \in X \ \ \forall\epsilon>0 \ \ \exists\delta>0 \ \ \forall x' \in X :
+ \big\lparen d_X(x,x') \le \delta \implies d_Y(f(x),f(x')) < \epsilon \big\rparen
$$
- *uniformly continuous* if
-
+
$$
- \forall\epsilon>0 \ \ \exists\delta>0 \ \ \forall x,x' \in X : \big\lparen d_X(x,x') \le \delta \implies d_Y(f(x),f(x')) < \epsilon \big\rparen
+ \forall\epsilon>0 \ \ \exists\delta>0 \ \ \forall x,x' \in X :
+ \big\lparen d_X(x,x') \le \delta \implies d_Y(f(x),f(x')) < \epsilon \big\rparen
$$
- *Lipschitz continuous* if
-
+
$$
- \exists L \ge 0 \ \ \forall x,x' \in X : d_Y(f(x),f(x')) \le L \, d_X(x,x')
+ \exists L \ge 0 \ \ \forall x,x' \in X :
+ d_Y(f(x),f(x')) \le L \, d_X(x,x')
$$
{% enddefinition %}
diff --git a/pages/general-topology/topological-spaces.md b/pages/general-topology/topological-spaces.md
index b0b1834..cb0c30b 100644
--- a/pages/general-topology/topological-spaces.md
+++ b/pages/general-topology/topological-spaces.md
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ is the smallest topology on $X$ containing $\mathcal{A}$.
{% definition Basis for a Topology %}
A *basis for a topology* on a set $X$ is a collection $\mathcal{B}$ of subsets of $X$
-such that for every point $x \in X$
+such that for every point $x \in X$
+
- there exists $B \in \mathcal{B}$ such that $x \in B$,
- if $x \in B_1 \cap B_2$ for $B_1, B_2 \in \mathcal{B}$,
then there exists a $B_3 \in \mathcal{B}$
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ such that for every point $x \in X$
{% theorem Topology Generated by a Basis %}
If $X$ is set and $\mathcal{B}$ is a basis for a topology on $X$,
then the topology generated by $\mathcal{B}$ equals
+
- the collection of all subsets $S \subset X$ with the property
that for every $x \in S$ there exists a basis element $B \in \mathcal{B}$
such that $x \in B$ and $B \subset S$;
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ then the topology generated by $\mathcal{S}$ equals
Suppose $(X,\mathcal{T})$ is a topological space.
A subset $S$ of $X$
is called *open* with respect to $\mathcal{T}$
-when it belongs to $\mathcal{T}$
+when it belongs to $\mathcal{T}$,
and it is called *closed* with respect to $\mathcal{T}$
when its complement $X \setminus S$ belongs to $\mathcal{T}$.
{% enddefinition %}
@@ -137,10 +139,8 @@ if and only if its complement is closed.
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the collection of closed subsets of a topological space. Then
{: .mb-0 }
- $X$ and $\varnothing$ belong to $\mathcal{C}$,
-- the intersection of any subcollection of $\mathcal{C}$ belongs to $\mathcal{C}$,
-- the union of any finite subcollection $\mathcal{C}$ belongs to $\mathcal{C}$.
+- the intersection of any subcollection of $\mathcal{C}$ belongs to $\mathcal{C}$,
+- the union of any finite subcollection $\mathcal{C}$ belongs to $\mathcal{C}$.
{% endproposition %}
## The Subspace Topology
-
-
diff --git a/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/convergence-theorems.md b/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/convergence-theorems.md
index 67f0996..f9ebc4a 100644
--- a/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/convergence-theorems.md
+++ b/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/convergence-theorems.md
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ $$
In the following proof we omit $X$ and $d\mu$ for visual clarity.
{% proof %}
-By definition, we have $\liminf_{n \to \infty} f_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} g_n$, where $g_n = \inf_{k \ge n} f_k$.
+By definition, we have $\liminf_{n \to \infty} f_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} g_n$,
+where $g_n = \inf_{k \ge n} f_k$.
Now $(g_n)$ is a monotonic sequence of nonnegative measurable functions.
-By the
-[Monotone Convergence Theorem](#monotone-convergence-theorem)
+By the [Monotone Convergence Theorem](#monotone-convergence-theorem)
$$
\int \liminf_{n \to \infty} f_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} \int g_n.
diff --git a/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/index.md b/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/index.md
index a857d95..3418e10 100644
--- a/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/index.md
+++ b/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/index.md
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ For any measurable subset $A \subset X$ we define
the *integral on $A$* of a (quasi-)integrable function $f : X \to \overline{\RR}$ (or $\CC$) by
$$
-\int_A f \, d\mu =
+\int_A f \, d\mu =
\int_X \chi_A f \, d\mu.
$$
{% enddefinition %}
diff --git a/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/the-lp-spaces.md b/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/the-lp-spaces.md
index 023c253..8482e87 100644
--- a/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/the-lp-spaces.md
+++ b/pages/measure-and-integration/lebesgue-integral/the-lp-spaces.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
---
-title: The L<sup>p</sup> Spaces
+title: The L<sup>p</sup> Spaces
parent: Lebesgue Integral
grand_parent: Measure and Integration
nav_order: 4
diff --git a/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/measures.md b/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/measures.md
index 637ab0c..c843881 100644
--- a/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/measures.md
+++ b/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/measures.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ is mapping $\mu : \mathcal{A} \to [0,\infty]$ such that
- $\mu(\varnothing) = 0$,
- for every sequence $(A_n)_{n \in \NN}$ of
pairwise disjoint sets $A_n \in \mathcal{A}$
-
+
$$
\mu \bigg\lparen \bigcup_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n \! \bigg\rparen
= \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \mu(A_n).
diff --git a/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/sigma-algebras.md b/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/sigma-algebras.md
index 5d22f6b..8f58f09 100644
--- a/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/sigma-algebras.md
+++ b/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/sigma-algebras.md
@@ -47,4 +47,3 @@ defined to be the intersection of all σ-algebras on $X$ containing $\mathcal{A}
By the previous proposition, $\sigma(\mathcal{E})$ is in fact a σ-algebra on $X$.
## Products of {{ page.title }}
-
diff --git a/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/signed-measures.md b/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/signed-measures.md
index 77b2416..657a28f 100644
--- a/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/signed-measures.md
+++ b/pages/measure-and-integration/measure-theory/signed-measures.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ is a mapping $\mu : \mathcal{A} \to [-\infty,\infty]$ such that
- for every sequence $(A_n)_{n \in \NN}$ of
pairwise disjoint sets $A_n \in \mathcal{A}$
{: .my-0 }
-
+
$$
\mu \bigg\lparen \bigcup_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n \! \bigg\rparen
= \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \mu(A_n).
diff --git a/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/index.md b/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/index.md
index 745d53b..a3e6220 100644
--- a/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/index.md
+++ b/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/index.md
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ A subset $A \subset X$ is said to be
{% theorem %}
These properties of subsets of $X$
are stable under arbitrary intersections.
-Thus we obtain the notions of
+Thus, we obtain the notions of
*convex hull* $\co A$,
*balanced hull* $\bal A$, and
*absolutely convex hull* $\aco A$.
diff --git a/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/polar-topologies.md b/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/polar-topologies.md
index 277ecd3..ea0b22b 100644
--- a/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/polar-topologies.md
+++ b/pages/more-functional-analysis/topological-vector-spaces/polar-topologies.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ We say that the bilinear form $b : V \times W \to \KK$ is *nondegenerate*, if it
$$
\begin{gather*}
\forall v \in V : \qquad ( \forall w \in W : \angles{v,w} = 0 ) \implies v = 0 \\
-\forall w \in W : \qquad ( \forall v \in V : \angles{v,w} = 0 ) \implies w = 0
+\forall w \in W : \qquad ( \forall v \in V : \angles{v,w} = 0 ) \implies w = 0
\end{gather*}
$$
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ $$
Then $b$ is nondegenerate if and only if
both $c$ and $\tilde{c}$ are injective.
-
{% definition Dual Pair %}
A *dual pair* (or *dual system* or *duality*) $\angles{V,W}$ over a field $\KK$ is constituted by
two vector spaces $V$ and $W$ over $\KK$
@@ -56,9 +55,9 @@ and a nondegenerate bilinear form $\angles{\cdot,\cdot} : V \times W \to \KK$.
{% definition Weak Topology %}
Suppose $\angles{X,Y}$ is a dual pair of vector spaces over a field $\KK$.
-We define the *weak topology on $X$*, denoted by $\sigma(X,Y)$, as
-the [initial topology](/pages/general-topology/universal-constructions.html#initial-topology) induced by the maps
-$\angles{\cdot,y} : X \to \KK$, where $y \in Y$.
+We define the *weak topology on $X$*, denoted by $\sigma(X,Y)$, as the
+[initial topology](/pages/general-topology/universal-constructions.html#initial-topology)
+induced by the maps $\angles{\cdot,y} : X \to \KK$, where $y \in Y$.
Similarly, the *weak topology on $Y$*, denoted by $\sigma(Y,X)$, is
the initial topology induced by the maps
$\angles{x,\cdot} : Y \to \KK$, where $x \in X$.
diff --git a/pages/operator-algebras/banach-algebras/index.md b/pages/operator-algebras/banach-algebras/index.md
index 3335d78..9d70df8 100644
--- a/pages/operator-algebras/banach-algebras/index.md
+++ b/pages/operator-algebras/banach-algebras/index.md
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ $$
(\mathbf{1}-x) s_n = s_n (\mathbf{1}-x) = \mathbf{1} - x^{n+1}.
$$
-In the limit $n \to \infty$ we obtain $(\mathbf{1}-x) s = s (\mathbf{1}-x) = \mathbf{1}$,
+In the limit $n \to \infty$ we obtain $(\mathbf{1}-x) s = s (\mathbf{1}-x) = \mathbf{1}$,
because multiplication in a Banach algebra is continuous, and because $y^n \to 0$ when $\norm{y} < 1$.
This proves that $s$ is the inverse of $\mathbf{1}-x$.
@@ -94,10 +94,12 @@ Suppose $x$ is an element of a unital Banach algebra $\mathcal{A}$.
{: .mb-0 }
{: .my-0 }
-- The *spectrum* of $x$ is the set $\sigma(x) = \lbrace\lambda \in \CC : x - \lambda$ is not invertible in $\mathcal{A}\rbrace$. \
+- The *spectrum* of $x$ is the set
+ $\sigma(x) = \lbrace\lambda \in \CC : x - \lambda$ is not invertible in $\mathcal{A}\rbrace$. \
The elements of $\sigma(x)$ are called *spectral values* of $x$.
- The *resolvent set* of $x$ is the set $\rho (x) = \CC \setminus \sigma(x)$. \
- For $\lambda \in \rho(x)$ the *resolvent* of $x$ is the algebra element $R_{\lambda} = (\lambda - x)^{-1}$. \
+ For $\lambda \in \rho(x)$ the *resolvent* of $x$ is
+ the algebra element $R_{\lambda} = (\lambda - x)^{-1}$. \
The mapping $R : \rho(x) \to \mathcal{A}$, $\lambda \mapsto R_{\lambda}$, is called *resolvent map*.
{% enddefinition %}
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ $$
{% proof %}
Let $\lambda$ be in the resolvent set of $x$.
-Then $\lambda - x$ is invertible, and we have for all $\mu \in \CC$
+Then $\lambda - x$ is invertible, and we have for all $\mu \in \CC$
$$
\mu - x = \bigl(\mathbf{1} - (\lambda - \mu) (\lambda - x)^{-1}\bigr) (\lambda - x).
@@ -138,20 +140,22 @@ the claimed formula for its inverse follows by an application of
the rule $(ab)^{-1} = b^{-1} a^{-1}$ for invertible $a,b \in \mathcal{A}$.
{% endproof %}
-{: .corollary #resolvent-set-is-open #spectrum-is-closed }
-> The resolvent set $\rho(x)$ is open and the spectrum $\sigma(x)$ is closed.
+{% corollary %}
+The resolvent set $\rho(x)$ is open and the spectrum $\sigma(x)$ is closed.
+{% endcorollary %}
-{: .corollary #resolvent-map-is-analytic }
-> Suppose $x$ is an element of a unital Banach algebra $\mathcal{A}$.
-> The resolvent map
->
-> $$
-> R : \rho(x) \longrightarrow \mathcal{A}, \quad \lambda \longmapsto R_{\lambda} = (\lambda - x)^{-1},
-> $$
->
-> is (strongly) analytic.
+{% corollary %}
+Suppose $x$ is an element of a unital Banach algebra $\mathcal{A}$.
+The resolvent map
+
+$$
+R : \rho(x) \longrightarrow \mathcal{A}, \quad \lambda \longmapsto R_{\lambda} = (\lambda - x)^{-1},
+$$
+
+is (strongly) analytic.
+{% endcorollary %}
- ---
+---
{: .proposition #spectrum-is-not-empty }
> Suppose $x$ is an element of a unital Banach algebra.
@@ -169,7 +173,7 @@ For $\abs{\lambda} > 2 \norm{x}$ we may expand $R_{\lambda}$ into a [Neumann ser
$$
R_{\lambda}
= (\lambda - x)^{-1}
-= \lambda^{-1} (\mathbf{1} - \lambda^{-1} x)^{-1}
+= \lambda^{-1} (\mathbf{1} - \lambda^{-1} x)^{-1}
= \lambda^{-1} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (\lambda^{-1} x)^n,
$$
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ and make the estimate
$$
\norm{R_{\lambda}}
-\le \abs{\lambda}^{-1} (1 - \norm{\lambda^{-1} x})^{-1}
+\le \abs{\lambda}^{-1} (1 - \norm{\lambda^{-1} x})^{-1}
= (\abs{\lambda} - \norm{x})^{-1}
< \norm{x}^{-1}.
$$
@@ -197,7 +201,7 @@ For any Banach algebra $A$,
the mapping $\varphi : \CC \to A$, $\lambda \mapsto \lambda \mathbf{1}$,
is linear, multiplicative and isometric, hence injective.
Let $x$ be any element of $A$.
-Since its
+Since its
[spectrum is not empty](/pages/operator-algebras/banach-algebras/index.html#spectrum-is-not-empty),
there must exist a complex number $\lambda$
such that $x - \lambda \mathbf{1}$ is not invertible.
diff --git a/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.md b/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.md
index ea15f87..bdf7b3d 100644
--- a/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.md
+++ b/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.md
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ A norm-one positive linear functional on a $C^*$-algebra is called a *state*.
{% enddefinition %}
{% definition State Space %}
-The *state space* of a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$, denoted by $S(\mathcal{A})$, is the set of all states of $\mathcal{A}$.
+The *state space* of a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$,
+denoted by $S(\mathcal{A})$,
+is the set of all states of $\mathcal{A}$.
{% enddefinition %}
Note that $S(\mathcal{A})$ is a subset of the unit ball in the dual space of $\mathcal{A}$.
diff --git a/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/states.md b/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/states.md
index 29cf5f5..a483915 100644
--- a/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/states.md
+++ b/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/states.md
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ nav_order: 1
# {{ page.title }}
{% definition State, State Space %}
-A norm-one [positive linear functional]( {% link pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.md %} ) on a C\*-algebra is called a *state*.\
+A norm-one
+[positive linear functional](/pages/operator-algebras/c-star-algebras/positive-linear-functionals.html)
+on a C\*-algebra is called a *state*.\
The *state space* $S(\mathcal{A})$ of a C\*-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is the set of all its states.
{% enddefinition %}
@@ -30,20 +32,23 @@ Let $\omega_0, \omega_1$ be states on $\mathcal{A}$ and let $t \in (0,1)$.
Consider the convex combination $\omega = (1-t)\omega_0 + t\omega_1$.
Clearly, $\omega$ is linear and $\omega(\mathbf{1}) = 1$.
By the triangle inequality, $\norm{\omega} \le 1$.
-It follows from the lemma above that $\omega$ lies in $S(\mathcal{A})$. This proves that $S(\mathcal{A})$ is convex.
+It follows from the lemma above that $\omega$ lies in $S(\mathcal{A})$.
+This proves that $S(\mathcal{A})$ is convex.
Next we show weak\* compactness. Since $S(\mathcal{A})$ is contained
in the closed unit ball in the dual of $\mathcal{A}$,
which is weak\* compact by the
-[Banach–Alaoglu Theorem]({% link pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.md %}),
+[Banach–Alaoglu Theorem](/pages/functional-analysis-basics/banach-alaoglu-theorem.html),
it will suffice to show that $S(\mathcal{A})$ is weak\* closed.
-Let $(\omega_i)$ be a net of states that weak\* converges to some bounded linear functional $\omega$ on $\mathcal{A}$.
+Let $(\omega_i)$ be a net of states
+that weak\* converges to some bounded linear functional $\omega$ on $\mathcal{A}$.
This means that $\omega_i(x) \to \omega(x)$ for every $x \in \mathcal{A}$.
-For all $i$ we have $\omega_i(x) \ge 0$ for $x \ge 0$ and $\omega_i(\mathbf{1}) = 1$; hence $\omega(x) \ge 0$ for $x \ge 0$ and $\omega(\mathbf{1}) = 1$. Thus $\omega$ is again a state.
+For all $i$ we have $\omega_i(x) \ge 0$ for $x \ge 0$ and $\omega_i(\mathbf{1}) = 1$;
+hence $\omega(x) \ge 0$ for $x \ge 0$ and $\omega(\mathbf{1}) = 1$.
+Thus, $\omega$ is again a state.
This shows that the state space is weak* closed, completing the proof.
{% endproof %}
TODO: state space is nonempty
TODO: pure states
-
diff --git a/pages/spectral-theory/test/basic.md b/pages/spectral-theory/test/basic.md
index 05405f4..b1015d1 100644
--- a/pages/spectral-theory/test/basic.md
+++ b/pages/spectral-theory/test/basic.md
@@ -32,25 +32,19 @@ nav_order: 2
> A *regular value* of $T$ is a complex number $\lambda$ for which the resolvent $R_{\lambda}(T)$ exists,
> has dense domain and is bounded.
> The set of all regular values of $T$ is called the *resolvent set* of $T$ and denoted $\rho(T)$.
-> The complement of the resolvent set in the complex plane is called the *spectrum* of $T$ and denoted $\sigma(T)$.
+> The complement of the resolvent set in the complex plane
+> is called the *spectrum* of $T$ and denoted $\sigma(T)$.
> The elements of the spectrum of $T$ are called the *spectral values* of $T$.
-{: .definition-title }
-> Definition (point spectrum, residual spectrum, continuous spectrum)
->
-> Let $T : \dom{T} \to X$ be an operator in a complex normed space $X$.
-> The *point spectrum* $\pspec{T}$ is the set of all $\lambda \in \CC$
-> for which the resolvent $R_\lambda(T)$ does not exist.
-> The *residual spectrum* $\rspec{T}$ is the set of all $\lambda \in \CC$
-> for which the resolvent $R_\lambda(T)$ exists, but is not densely defined.
-> The *continuous spectrum* $\cspec{T}$ is the set of all $\lambda \in \CC$
-> for which the resolvent $R_\lambda(T)$ exists and is densely defined, but unbounded.
-
-| If $R_\lambda(T)$ exists, | is densely defined | and is bounded ... | ... then $\lambda$ belongs to the |
-|:-------------------------:|:------------------:|:------------------:|-----------------------------------|
-| ✗ | - | - | point spectrum $\pspec{T}$ |
-| ✓ | ✗ | ? | residual spectrum $\rspec{T}$ |
-| ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | continuous spectrum $\cspec{T}$ |
-| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | resolvent set $\rho(T)$ |
+{% definition Point Spectrum, Residual Spectrum, Continuous Spectrum %}
+Let $T : \dom{T} \to X$ be an operator in a complex normed space $X$.
+The *point spectrum* $\pspec{T}$ is the set of all $\lambda \in \CC$
+for which the resolvent $R_\lambda(T)$ does not exist.
+The *residual spectrum* $\rspec{T}$ is the set of all $\lambda \in \CC$
+for which the resolvent $R_\lambda(T)$ exists, but is not densely defined.
+The *continuous spectrum* $\cspec{T}$ is the set of all $\lambda \in \CC$
+for which the resolvent $R_\lambda(T)$ exists and is densely defined, but unbounded.
+{% enddefinition %}
-By definition, the sets $\pspec{T}$, $\rspec{T}$, $\cspec{T}$ and $\rho(T)$ form a partition of the complex plane.
+By definition, the sets $\pspec{T}$, $\rspec{T}$, $\cspec{T}$ and $\rho(T)$
+form a partition of the complex plane.
diff --git a/pages/unbounded-operators/adjoint-operators.md b/pages/unbounded-operators/adjoint-operators.md
index 1b9fb0c..96933db 100644
--- a/pages/unbounded-operators/adjoint-operators.md
+++ b/pages/unbounded-operators/adjoint-operators.md
@@ -10,4 +10,3 @@ description: >
---
# {{ page.title }}
-
diff --git a/pages/unbounded-operators/hellinger-toeplitz-theorem.md b/pages/unbounded-operators/hellinger-toeplitz-theorem.md
index fea54be..09046f4 100644
--- a/pages/unbounded-operators/hellinger-toeplitz-theorem.md
+++ b/pages/unbounded-operators/hellinger-toeplitz-theorem.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Conventions:
- Operators are linear and possibly unbounded.
Recall that an operator $T : D(T) \to \hilb{H}$ in a Hilbert space $\hilb{H}$
-is called *symmetric*, if is has the property
+is called *symmetric*, if it has the property
$$
\innerp{Tx}{y} = \innerp{x}{Ty} \quad \forall x,y \in D(T).